The two models of laïcité and secularism each represent a distinct rationale in the discussion of the separation between religion and state. However, the common point between both models is their emphasis on ensuring religious freedom by governments in cases of conflict between individual rights and the prevailing ideology, as well as the interests and concerns supported by those governments. Today, adherence to the guarantee of religious freedom is considered a cornerstone of laïcité and secularism, serving as one of the most important criteria and foundations for determining the level of commitment of a laic or secular state to the values and principles upheld by laïcité and secularism. This research aims to understand the effects of ideology on government practices regarding discrimination in supporting rights and freedoms through an examination of the European Court of Human Rights' case law concerning conflicts between the right to religious freedom and public interests and policies. This study will elucidate the theoretical to practical differences between laïcité and secularism.