Rooting, Analyzing, and Criticizing the Permission to Falsely Accusing Hertics

All Muslims have been always of the opinion that false accusation is haram. The prophetic hadith concerning encountering heretics and the phrase “accuse them” in it has caused some discussions to find whether false accusation is absolutely haram or about this group it is not haram. Shahid Thani is the first jurisprudent who has stated that false accusation is absolutely haram even while encountering heretics. After him, those who have commented on al-Kafi have said that the Arabic term “Beahtuhom” means to make heretics wonder by scientific debates; and the other jurisprudents either do not have a different opinion or have emphasized their agreement with Shahid Thani. In the contemporary time, however, relying on the above hadith and the interest of Islamic nation in eliminating the heretics’ intrigue, Shaykh Ansari introduced the possibility of permission of falsely accusing them which, after him, some contemporary jurisprudents accepted it. Many intra-textual indications such as the meaning of “Beahtuhom”, various versions and a result of it, conceptual suspicsion as well as extra-textual indications such as absolute prohibition of false accusation in the verses and hadiths as well as necessity of scientific opposition to heretics and agreement of the thinkers in other field of the Islamic sciences on the meaning of “making heretics wonder” show that falsely accusing heretics is not permitted. 
On the other hand, as a result of falsely accusing heretics, people will no more confide in the believers’ sayings, false accusation and immorality will become prevalent in the society and heretics will be agitated to damage beliefs and personalities of the believers more than ever which not only are not among the interests of the Islamic nation but also damage their interests.