Among the most important instruments for supply chain financing are electronic bills of exchange (bills) and promissory notes. The central question of this research revolves around how these two instruments can be utilized for supply chain financing. The hypothesis of this study is that electronic bills and promissory notes, relying on the liability of signatories—such as the drawee in a bill of exchange and the guarantor in a promissory note—can function as viable supply chain financing tools, which are issued, transferred, discounted, and settled exclusively in the money market. In terms of substance, these instruments do not differ from the bills of exchange and promissory notes under commercial law, and the principles and regulations stipulated in commercial law govern these documents as well, ensuring the protection of the financed party's rights. This paper seeks to conduct a descriptive-analytical study, examining the operational mechanisms of these two financing instruments, analyzing the relationships between their key components, and evaluating their differences from traditional financial institutions.